The Recreation, Park and Tourism Management B.S. program is perfect for students interested in sharing their passions and making a difference in people’s lives. From outdoor recreation, travel and sports, to camping, performing/visual arts and health and fitness.
Recreation, Park and Tourism Management - B.S.
Contact Us
- Mary Parr | mparr@kent.edu | 330-672-0217
- Speak with an Advisor
- Chat with an Admissions Counselor
About This Program
Students electing to major in Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management can choose from three concentrations: Recreation Management, Park Management and Tourism Management.
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Recreation Management
Students in this concentration prepare for careers in community recreation departments, youth development centers, inclusive recreation, campus recreation and wellness centers, adventure centers, corporate recreation and fitness programs, correctional and therapeutic recreation, military recreation, senior centers, youth sports, camps and non-profit organizations such as the YMCA and the YWCA. The program provides students with knowledge, skills, and abilities through course work and "hands on" field-based experiences. All students complete a capstone semester long internship prior to graduation. Internships are available locally, across the country and internationally. Upon successful completion of this program, students are eligible to become Certified Park and Recreation Professionals through the National Recreation and Park Association.
Complementary minors for Recreation Management majors include:
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Park Management
Students in this concentration prepare for careers in the great outdoors. The emphasis of this concentration is on parks and other natural environments for human enjoyment, environmental education and ecological diversity. Careers are available with a variety of public agencies and non-profits such as the National Park Service, the US Forest Service, state and local park agencies, the Nature Conservancy, as well as private outfitters, guiding services and outdoor leadership programs such as NOLS and Outward Bound. The program provides students with knowledge, skills, and abilities through course work and "hands on" field-based experiences. All students complete a capstone semester long internship prior to graduation. Internships are available locally, across the country and internationally.
Complementary minor for Park Management majors include:
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Tourism Management
Students in this concentration prepare for careers in tourism service management and sustainable destination development. A business administration minor is built into this concentration providing students with the necessary skills for entrepreneurial success within the tourism industry. Exciting career opportunities exist in resorts, theme parks, special events, convention and visitor's bureaus, regional planning, urban renewal, ecotourism, outdoor adventures, sport tourism and cultural tourism. The program provides students with knowledge, skills, and abilities through course work and "hands on" field-based experiences. All students complete a capstone semester long internship prior to graduation. Internships are available locally, across the country and internationally.
Complementary minors for Tourism Management majors include:
Program Information for Recreation, Park and Tourism Management - B.S.
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Program Description
Full Description
The Bachelor of Science degree in Recreation, Park and Tourism Management provides students with an academic foundation and field experiences in preparation for the recreation, park and tourism professions. The program is comprised of three concentrations:
- The Park Management concentration focuses on providing opportunities for outdoor recreation and protecting the natural, cultural and historic resources on which those opportunities depend. Complementary minors include Disability Studies and Community Inclusion, Biology for Environmental Management and Conservation.
- The Recreation Management concentration focuses on providing opportunities for individuals and community health and wellbeing through recreation and parks in public, nonprofit and commercial settings. Complementary minors include: Disability Studies and Community Inclusion, Nonprofit Studies, Event Planning,
- The Tourism Management concentration focuses on providing entrepreneurial services for tourism industries as well as sustainable tourism destination management. Complementary minors include: Disability Studies and Community Inclusion, Event Planning, Business Management.
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Admissions
for Recreation, Park and Tourism Management - B.S.
Admission Requirements
Applications to the B.S. in Recreation, Park and Tourism Management are not being accepted at this time. Students interested in Park Management should contact Andrew Lepp (alepp1@kent.edu). Students interested in Tourism Management should contact Philip Wang (pwang@kent.edu)
The university affirmatively strives to provide educational opportunities and access to students with varied backgrounds, those with special talents and adult students who graduated from high school three or more years ago.
First-Year Students on the Kent Campus: First-year admission policy on the Kent Campus is selective. Admission decisions are based upon cumulative grade point average, strength of high school college preparatory curriculum and grade trends. Students not admissible to the Kent Campus may be administratively referred to one of the seven regional campuses to begin their college coursework. For more information, visit the admissions website for first-year students.
First-Year Students on the Regional Campuses: First-year admission to Kent State’s campuses at Ashtabula, East Liverpool, Geauga, Salem, Stark, Trumbull and Tuscarawas, as well as the Twinsburg Academic Center, is open to anyone with a high school diploma or its equivalent. For more information on admissions, contact the Regional Campuses admissions offices.
International Students: All international students must provide proof of English language proficiency (unless they meet specific exceptions) by earning a minimum 525 TOEFL score (71 on the Internet-based version), minimum 75 MELAB score, minimum 6.0 IELTS score or minimum 48 PTE Academic score, or by completing the ELS level 112 Intensive Program. For more information, visit the admissions website for international students.
Transfer Students: Students who have attended any other educational institution after graduating from high school must apply as undergraduate transfer students. For more information, visit the admissions website for transfer students.
Former Students: Former Kent State students or graduates who have not attended another college or university since Kent State may complete the reenrollment or reinstatement form on the University Registrar’s website.
Admission policies for undergraduate students may be found in the University Catalog's Academic Policies.
Some programs may require that students meet certain requirements before progressing through the program. For programs with progression requirements, the information is shown on the program's Coursework tab.
Current Kent State and Transfer Students: Active Kent State students who wish to change their major must have attempted a minimum 12 credit hours at Kent State and earned a minimum 2.000 overall Kent State GPA to be admitted. Students who have not attempted 12 credit hours at Kent State will be evaluated for admission based on their high school GPA for new students or transfer GPA for transfer students. Transfer students who have not attempted 12 credit hours of college-level coursework at Kent State and/or other institutions will be evaluated based on both their high school GPA and college GPA.
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Learning Outcomes
Program Learning Outcomes
Graduates of this program will be able to:
- Articulate the impact of inclusive policies and practices targeted toward underrepresented individuals and groups including, but not limited to disability, race and/or ethnicity, age, social class, gender and sexual orientation.
- Identify principles of inclusion, modification and laws related to equal opportunity; and select strategies to mitigate barriers influencing recreation participation for people with disabilities.
- Outline the historical, scientific and philosophical foundations of the field.
- Differentiate the nature and scope of the industry, including critical aspects of program development, service development, management and the components of leisure service delivery systems and various providers and levels of recreation.
- Analyze and apply common management roles, responsibilities and approaches applicable to the field and the leadership styles and practices related to personnel management.
- Investigate public relations and marketing strategies, planning and development issues, and fiscal/budgetary management.
- Illustrate site specific attributes in relation to the field and the components of professional practice for successful engagement with the site.
- Model ethical, professional, appropriate behavior and the ability to communicate effectively in oral, visual and written forms.
- Apply basic principles of the program development cycle for recreation services and modifications for inclusivity.
- Engage in academic research, writing and evaluation of literature and data for evidence-based improvement of services in leisure science.
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Coursework
On This Page
Program Requirements
Major Requirements
Course List Code Title Credit Hours Major Requirements (courses count in major GPA) RPTM 16000 FOUNDATIONS OF RECREATION AND LEISURE 3 RPTM 16001 CAREER EXPLORATION IN RECREATION, PARK, AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT 1 RPTM 26010 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN RECREATION 3 RPTM 26030 LEADERSHIP IN RECREATION, PARKS AND TOURISM 3 RPTM 26060 INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL TOURISM (DIVG) 3 RPTM 26081 PRINCIPLES OF OUTDOOR RECREATION 3 RPTM 36040 INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN LEISURE SERVICES (DIVD) 3 RPTM 36060 ENTREPRENEURIAL APPROACHES TO LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY SERVICES 3 RPTM 36075 EXPERIENCE DESIGN IN RECREATION, PARK AND TOURISM SETTINGS 3 RPTM 36082 INTERPRETATION OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES 3 RPTM 36085 LEISURE AND CULTURE (DIVD) 3 RPTM 46000 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND RECREATIONAL TRAVEL 3 RPTM 46030 DYNAMICS OF LEISURE BEHAVIOR (WIC) 1 3 RPTM 46060 ADMINISTRATION OF LEISURE SERVICES 3 RPTM 46070 PARK PLANNING 3 RPTM 46091 SEMINAR FOR INTERNSHIP PREPARATION 1 RPTM 46092 INTERNSHIP IN RECREATION (ELR) 9 SPAD 46080 LEGAL ISSUES IN SPORT AND RECREATION 3 Additional Requirements (courses do not count in major GPA) ECON 22060 PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS (KSS) 3 ECON 22061 PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS (KSS) 3 PSYC 11762 GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY (DIVD) (KSS) 3 UC 10001 FLASHES 101 1 Kent Core Composition 6 Kent Core Mathematics and Critical Reasoning 3 Kent Core Humanities 9 Kent Core Additional 3 Concentrations Choose from the following: 33 Minimum Total Credit Hours: 120 - 1
A minimum C grade must be earned to fulfill the writing-intensive requirement.
Park Management Concentration Requirements
Course List Code Title Credit Hours Concentration Requirements (courses count in major GPA) BSCI 10110 BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (ELR) (KBS) (KLAB) 4 BSCI 30360 GENERAL ECOLOGY 4 GEOG 49070 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE 4 HDF 44032 NONPROFIT FUNDRAISING AND GRANTWRITING 3 RPTM 36083 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND CONSERVATION 3 Natural Resources Electives, choose from the following: 13 BSCI 30275LOCAL FLORA (ELR) BSCI 40374CONSERVATION BIOLOGY (ELR) GEOG 31070POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT GEOG 41073CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES ESCI 33025WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT ESCI 41077GEOLOGY OF THE NATIONAL PARKS Additional Requirements (courses do not count in major GPA) Kent Core Basic Sciences 2 Minimum Total Credit Hours: 33 Recreation Management Concentration Requirements
Course List Code Title Credit Hours Concentration Requirements (courses count in major GPA) ACCT 23020 INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING 3 COMM 20001 INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION 3 or COMM 35852 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION (DIVG) HDF 44032 NONPROFIT FUNDRAISING AND GRANTWRITING 3 HEM 20040 THE BUSINESS OF EVENT MANAGEMENT 1 3 MKTG 25010 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING 3 POL 30301 INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3 Concentration Electives, choose from the following: (courses are grouped by interest, but any combination may be selected) 9 Human Development and Community UnityHDF 44033COMMUNITY OUTREACH IN NONPROFIT MANAGEMENT (ELR) HDF 44034PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF NONPROFIT MANAGEMENT HDF 44037POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT MDJ 28001PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC RELATIONS RPTM 36010RECREATION, LEISURE AND AGING Community HealthEXSC 40612EXERCISE LEADERSHIP FOR THE OLDER ADULT HED 11590COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION HED 42041HEALTH COACHING PH 10001INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH EnvironmentENGR 27210INTRODUCTION TO SUSTAINABILITY GEOG 32023FOOD AND PLACE (ELR) RPTM 36083ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND CONSERVATION Other ElectiveSPAD 45034ESPORT MANAGEMENT Additional Requirements (courses do not count in major GPA) Kent Core Basic Sciences (must include one laboratory) 6-7 Minimum Total Credit Hours: 33 - 1
With permission, students who complete RPTM 16000 and RPTM 16001 may register for HEM 20040.
Tourism Management Concentration Requirements
Course List Code Title Credit Hours Concentration Requirements (courses count in major GPA) RPTM 45047 GLOBAL ISSUES OF TOURISM TRADE 3 Geography Electives, choose from the following 6 GEOG 41800GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES GEOG 42053GEOGRAPHIES OF MEMORY AND HERITAGE GEOG 46070URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING Business Elective, choose from the following: 3 CIS 34054USING INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR SOLVING BUSINESS PROBLEMS ENTR 27056INTRODUCTION TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP MGMT 34165DYNAMICS OF LEADERSHIP MKTG 35035CONSUMER BEHAVIOR MKTG 45045ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION MANAGEMENT MKTG 45060INTERNATIONAL MARKETING MKTG 45082SERVICES MARKETING Additional Requirements (courses do not count in major GPA) ACCT 23020 INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING 3 FIN 36053 BUSINESS FINANCE 3 MDJ 28001 PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC RELATIONS 3 MGMT 24163 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT 3 MKTG 25010 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING 3 Kent Core Basic Sciences (must include one laboratory) 6-7 Minimum Total Credit Hours: 33 Graduation Requirements
Graduation Requirements Summary Minimum Major GPA Minimum Overall GPA 2.250 2.000 -
Roadmaps
On This Page
Roadmaps
Park Management Concentration
This roadmap is a recommended semester-by-semester plan of study for this major. However, courses designated as critical (!) must be completed in the semester listed to ensure a timely graduation.
Plan of Study Grid Semester One Credits ! RPTM 16000 FOUNDATIONS OF RECREATION AND LEISURE 3 RPTM 16001 CAREER EXPLORATION IN RECREATION, PARK, AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT 1 UC 10001 FLASHES 101 1 Kent Core Requirement 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Credit Hours 14 Semester Two ! BSCI 10110 BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (ELR) (KBS) (KLAB) 4 PSYC 11762 GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY (DIVD) (KSS) 3 RPTM 26010 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN RECREATION 3 ! RPTM 26030 LEADERSHIP IN RECREATION, PARKS AND TOURISM 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Credit Hours 16 Semester Three BSCI 30360 GENERAL ECOLOGY 4 ! ECON 22060 PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS (KSS) 3 ! RPTM 26060 INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL TOURISM (DIVG) 3 RPTM 36060 ENTREPRENEURIAL APPROACHES TO LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY SERVICES 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Credit Hours 16 Semester Four ECON 22061 PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS (KSS) 3 ! RPTM 26081 PRINCIPLES OF OUTDOOR RECREATION 3 ! RPTM 36075 EXPERIENCE DESIGN IN RECREATION, PARK AND TOURISM SETTINGS 3 Concentration Elective 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Credit Hours 15 Semester Five HDF 44032 NONPROFIT FUNDRAISING AND GRANTWRITING 3 ! RPTM 36040 INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN LEISURE SERVICES (DIVD) 3 ! RPTM 36083 ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND CONSERVATION 3 RPTM 36085 LEISURE AND CULTURE (DIVD) 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Credit Hours 15 Semester Six ! RPTM 36082 INTERPRETATION OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES 3 ! RPTM 46030 DYNAMICS OF LEISURE BEHAVIOR (WIC) 3 ! RPTM 46060 ADMINISTRATION OF LEISURE SERVICES 3 ! RPTM 46091 SEMINAR FOR INTERNSHIP PREPARATION 1 Concentration Elective 4 Kent Core Requirements 2 Credit Hours 16 Semester Seven GEOG 49070 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE 4 RPTM 46000 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND RECREATIONAL TRAVEL 3 ! RPTM 46070 PARK PLANNING 3 ! SPAD 46080 LEGAL ISSUES IN SPORT AND RECREATION 3 Concentration Elective 3 Credit Hours 16 Semester Eight ! RPTM 46092 INTERNSHIP IN RECREATION (ELR) 9 Concentration Elective 3 Credit Hours 12 Minimum Total Credit Hours: 120 Recreation Management Concentration
This roadmap is a recommended semester-by-semester plan of study for this major. However, courses designated as critical (!) must be completed in the semester listed to ensure a timely graduation.
Plan of Study Grid Semester One Credits ! RPTM 16000 FOUNDATIONS OF RECREATION AND LEISURE 3 RPTM 16001 CAREER EXPLORATION IN RECREATION, PARK, AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT 1 UC 10001 FLASHES 101 1 Kent Core Requirement 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Credit Hours 14 Semester Two PSYC 11762 GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY (DIVD) (KSS) 3 RPTM 26010 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN RECREATION 3 ! RPTM 26030 LEADERSHIP IN RECREATION, PARKS AND TOURISM 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Credit Hours 15 Semester Three ACCT 23020 INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING 3 ECON 22060 PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS (KSS) 3 ! RPTM 26060 INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL TOURISM (DIVG) 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Credit Hours 15 Semester Four COMM 20001 or COMM 35852INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION or INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION (DIVG)3 ECON 22061 PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS (KSS) 3 ! MKTG 25010 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING 3 RPTM 26081 PRINCIPLES OF OUTDOOR RECREATION 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Credit Hours 15 Semester Five HEM 20040 THE BUSINESS OF EVENT MANAGEMENT 3 ! RPTM 36040 INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN LEISURE SERVICES (DIVD) 3 RPTM 36060 ENTREPRENEURIAL APPROACHES TO LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY SERVICES 3 ! RPTM 36075 EXPERIENCE DESIGN IN RECREATION, PARK AND TOURISM SETTINGS 3 ! RPTM 36085 LEISURE AND CULTURE (DIVD) 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Credit Hours 18 Semester Six POL 30301 INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 3 RPTM 36082 INTERPRETATION OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES 3 ! RPTM 46030 DYNAMICS OF LEISURE BEHAVIOR (WIC) 3 ! RPTM 46060 ADMINISTRATION OF LEISURE SERVICES 3 ! RPTM 46091 SEMINAR FOR INTERNSHIP PREPARATION 1 Concentration Elective 3 Credit Hours 16 Semester Seven HDF 44032 NONPROFIT FUNDRAISING AND GRANTWRITING 3 RPTM 46000 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND RECREATIONAL TRAVEL 3 ! RPTM 46070 PARK PLANNING 3 ! SPAD 46080 LEGAL ISSUES IN SPORT AND RECREATION 3 Concentration Elective 3 Credit Hours 15 Semester Eight ! RPTM 46092 INTERNSHIP IN RECREATION (ELR) 9 Concentration Elective 3 Credit Hours 12 Minimum Total Credit Hours: 120 Tourism Management Concentration
This roadmap is a recommended semester-by-semester plan of study for this major. However, courses designated as critical (!) must be completed in the semester listed to ensure a timely graduation.
Plan of Study Grid Semester One Credits ! RPTM 16000 FOUNDATIONS OF RECREATION AND LEISURE 3 ! RPTM 16001 CAREER EXPLORATION IN RECREATION, PARK, AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT 1 UC 10001 FLASHES 101 1 Kent Core Requirement 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Credit Hours 14 Semester Two PSYC 11762 GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY (DIVD) (KSS) 3 RPTM 26010 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN RECREATION 3 ! RPTM 26030 LEADERSHIP IN RECREATION, PARKS AND TOURISM 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Credit Hours 18 Semester Three ! ECON 22060 PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS (KSS) 3 MDJ 28001 PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC RELATIONS 3 ! RPTM 26060 INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL TOURISM (DIVG) 3 Concentration Requirement 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Credit Hours 15 Semester Four ACCT 23020 INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING 3 ECON 22061 PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS (KSS) 3 MKTG 25010 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING 3 ! RPTM 26081 PRINCIPLES OF OUTDOOR RECREATION 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Credit Hours 15 Semester Five ! RPTM 36040 INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN LEISURE SERVICES (DIVD) 3 RPTM 36060 ENTREPRENEURIAL APPROACHES TO LEISURE AND HOSPITALITY SERVICES 3 ! RPTM 36075 EXPERIENCE DESIGN IN RECREATION, PARK AND TOURISM SETTINGS 3 RPTM 36085 LEISURE AND CULTURE (DIVD) 3 Kent Core Requirement 3 Credit Hours 15 Semester Six MGMT 24163 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT 3 RPTM 36082 INTERPRETATION OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES 3 ! RPTM 46030 DYNAMICS OF LEISURE BEHAVIOR (WIC) 3 ! RPTM 46060 ADMINISTRATION OF LEISURE SERVICES 3 ! RPTM 46091 SEMINAR FOR INTERNSHIP PREPARATION 1 ! SPAD 46080 LEGAL ISSUES IN SPORT AND RECREATION 3 Credit Hours 16 Semester Seven FIN 36053 BUSINESS FINANCE 3 RPTM 45047 GLOBAL ISSUES OF TOURISM TRADE 3 ! RPTM 46000 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND RECREATIONAL TRAVEL 3 ! RPTM 46070 PARK PLANNING 3 Concentration Requirement 3 Credit Hours 15 Semester Eight ! RPTM 46092 INTERNSHIP IN RECREATION (ELR) 9 Concentration Elective 3 Credit Hours 12 Minimum Total Credit Hours: 120 -
Program Delivery
- Delivery:
- In person
- Location:
- Kent Campus
Applications to the B.S. in Recreation, Park and Tourism Management are not being accepted at this time. Students interested in Park Management should contact Andrew Lepp (alepp1@kent.edu). Students interested in Tourism Management should contact Philip Wang (pwang@kent.edu)
- Delivery:
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Accreditation
for Recreation, Park and Tourism Management - B.S.
Council on Accreditation for Parks, Recreation, Tourism and Related Professions (COAPRT)
Examples of Possible Careers and Salaries for Recreation, Park and Tourism Management - B.S.
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Examples of Possible Careers
- Managers and leaders with public/community park and recreation services
- Managers and leaders with non-profit recreation agencies
- Managers and leaders providing recreation, outdoor recreation, or tourism services to specialized groups such as youth, senior/older adults, people with disabilities, immigrant communities, marginalized populations
- Managers and leaders with health and wellness organization and services
- Managers and leaders who plan special events/community-wide events
- Managers and leaders with tourism services and agencies
- Interpreters, guides, managers, leaders with historic, cultural, nature-based organizations
- Park rangers, interpreters, guides, naturalists with regional, state, and national parks
- Leaders and organizers with outdoor recreation agencies